20 Interesting Facts about Inflation

By Karin Lehnardt, Senior Writer

Published July 2, 2017Updated May 31, 2025

The term “inflation” is from the Latin term inflare, meaning to “blow up or inflate,” and it was first used in a monetary sense to describe “an increase in the amount of money” in 1838. Today, economists argue over the definition of inflation but generally agree that it means a continued rise in prices while the value of money declines._[5][4]
The inflation rate is the percentage increase in the price of goods per year. For example, if the inflation rate is 2%, then a $1 candy will cost $1.02 in a year._[6]
The movie Cleopatra cost $44 million to make in 1963. With inflation taken into account, the same movie would cost $300 million to make today._[5]
Hyperinflation occurred in Germany in 1920, leading to great social unrest. The purchasing power of money fell so low that the German currency, the Mark, became cheaper than firewood. Hitler blamed the Jews for spiraling inflation, which helped pave the way for the Holocaust._[1]
Historians have noted that war and inflation go hand-in-hand. Every war in the last century has brought high inflation._[5]

War and inflation often go hand-in-hand

The Zimbabwean dollar bank note holds the record for the greatest number of zeros shown (100,000,000,000,000). Hungary holds the record for the largest banknote ever issued, but its banknote did not depict all the zeros—the amount was spelled out._[1]
The post-WWII hyperinflation of Hungary holds the record for the most rapid monthly inflation increase ever: 41,900,000,000,000,000% for July 1946, which means prices doubled every 13.5 hours._[1]
The first country to hyperinflate in the 21st century is Zimbabwe. In 2008, a loaf of bread cost 1.6 trillion Zimbabwe dollars. Officials in Zimbabwe blamed it on rising global food prices and international sanctions._[7]
Twenty-eight hyperinflations occurred in the 20th century, with twenty happening after 1980._[1]
Historians cite runaway inflation as a major cause of ancient Rome’s fall._[5]

Inflation is taxation without legislation.

- Milton Friedman

The United States has experienced two currency collapses due to inflation. The first was the Continental Currency during the Revolutionary War. The second was Confederation notes during the Civil War._[1]
Imported gold and silver from the New World caused widespread inflation in Europe between the 15th and 17th centuries._[1]
When gold was used as currency, inflation could still occur if the government diluted the gold with other types of metal such as silver, copper, or lead in order to increase the money supply. As the value of each coin lessened, consumers would need more of them to buy services and goods._[1]
inflation The U.S. inflation rate has fluctuated between nearly zero inflation and 23% The annual inflation rate in the United States has fluctuated greatly over its history, ranging from nearly zero inflation to 23% inflation. The federal government tries to keep inflation around 2-3%._[1]

The U.S. inflation rate has fluctuated between nearly zero inflation and 23%

The high mortality rate during the Bubonic Plague in Europe increased the supply of available currency, which in turn created substantial inflation until the mid 1370s. Higher inflation decreased the purchasing power of wage laborers, so that even though they were paid more, their higher wages could not purchase more._[1]
Nations who were on the Gold Standard during the 19th century until 1914 experienced little or no inflationary trends._[1]
If inflation is controlled, it can be a positive force in the economy. It can stimulate the economy, mitigate recessions, provide profits for businesses, raise wages for workers, and reduce the real amount of debt._[6]
In 1974, President Ford declared inflation “public enemy number one” and urged the public to wear WIN pins, or “Whip Inflation Now” pins. At the time, inflation was around 7%. The pins were immediately ridiculed and even worn upside down to say “NIW,” or “Need Immediate Money.”_[6]
Adjusted for inflation, the top five highest grossing movies of all time are Gone With the Wind ($1,606,254,800), Star Wars ($1,416,050,800), Sound of Music ($1,132,202,200), ET: Extra Terrestrial ($1,127,742,000), and The Ten Commandments ($1,041,450,000)._[3]
In 1930, the average home cost $3,845.00. In 2013, the average home cost $289,500._[2]